tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3524568512499788552024-02-08T05:04:35.477-08:00Soal Soal Olimpiade KimiaSelamat datang di Blog saya, Semoga Anda menyukainyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07274559861598668274noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-352456851249978855.post-61194971653817128182010-12-01T06:31:00.000-08:002010-12-01T06:31:46.246-08:00<!--[if !mso]> <style>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Judul</span><span> </span>: Menentukan Perubahan Entalpi Reaksi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Tujuan</span><span> </span>: Dapat menentukan perubahan entalpi reaksi antara larutan natrium hidroksida<span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>dengan<span> </span>Larutan asam klorida yang menghasilkan satu mol air</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="height: 12px; margin-left: 289px; margin-top: 17px; position: absolute; width: 73px; z-index: 251638784;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-53/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="73" /></span><span> </span><span> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt;">NaOH<sub>(aq)</sub> + HCl<sub>(aq)<span> </span></sub>NaCl<sub>(aq)</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(c)</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Landasan Teori</span><span> </span>: Entalpi Reaksi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Kalor reaksi dapat ditentukan melalui percobaan, yaitu dengan calorimeter</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. Kalorimeter</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="height: 15px; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: 21px; position: absolute; width: 13px; z-index: 251639808;"><img height="15" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-53/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" width="13" /></span><span> </span>Cara penentuan kalor reaksi dengan menggunakan kalori meter disebut calorimeter.<span> </span>Data<span> </span>H reaksi yang terdapat pada table. Tabel umumnya ditentukan secara kalorimetris.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span> </span>Kalorimeter adalah suatu system tenigolasi ( tidak ada pertukaran materi maupun energy dengan lingkungan diluar calorimeter.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="height: 16px; margin-left: 161px; margin-top: 8px; position: absolute; width: 13px; z-index: 251640832;"><img height="16" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-53/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" width="13" /></span><span> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Q<sub>air</sub> = m x c x<span> </span>T</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="height: 16px; margin-left: 138px; margin-top: 7px; position: absolute; width: 13px; z-index: 251641856;"><img height="16" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-53/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" width="13" /></span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span> </span>Q<sub>bom</sub> = C x<span> </span>T</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Dengan :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Q<span> </span>= Jumlah kalor</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">m<span> </span>= Massa air ( larutan ) didalam kalorimeter</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">c<span> </span>= Kalor jenis air ( larutan ) didalam kalorimeter </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">C<span> </span>= Kapasitas kalor dari bom kalorimeter</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="height: 15px; margin-left: -4px; margin-top: 5px; position: absolute; width: 13px; z-index: 251642880;"><img height="15" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-53/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" width="13" /></span><span> </span>T<span> </span>= Kenaikan suhu larutan ( kalorimeter )</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span> </span>Oleh karena tidak ada kalor yg terbuang ke lingkungan, maka kalor reaksi sama dengan kalor yg diserap oleh air ( larutan ) dan bom, tetapi tandanya berbeda.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span> </span>Q<sub>reaksi</sub> = - ( Q<sub>air </sub>+ Q<sub>bom</sub> )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span> </span>Jadi, kalor reaksi sama dengan jumlah kalor yg diserap atau yg dilepaskan larutan, sedangkan kalor yg diserap oleh gelas dan dilingkungan diabaikan :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Q<sub>reaksi</sub> = - Q<sub>larutan</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Alat dan Bahan <span> </span>:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">BAHAN<span> </span></span></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span><u>ALAT</u></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">1) NaOH<span> </span>1) Bejana plastik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">2) HCl<span> </span>2) Silinder ukur</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span> </span>3) Termometer</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span> </span>4) Spatula</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Cara Kerja<span> </span>:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0in;">1) <span> </span>Masukkan 50cm<sub></sub><sup>3</sup> larutan NaOH 1M ke dalam bejana plastic dan 50cm<sup>3</sup> Ha 1M ke dalam silinder <span> </span>ukur</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0in;">2) <span> </span>Ukur suhu kedua larutan itu. Termometer harus dibersihkan dan dikeringkan sebelum di <span> </span>pindahkan dari satu larutan ke larutan yg lain. Jika suhu kedua larutan berbeda, tentukan suhu <span> </span>rata – rata ( suhu awal )</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0in;">3)<span> </span>Tuangkan HCl kedalam bejana plastic yg berisi NaOH, aduk dengan thermometer dan perhatikan<span> </span><span> </span>suhu yang ditunjukan oleh thermometer itu. Suhu itu akan naik kemudian menjadi tetap dan <span> </span>selanjutnya turun. Catatlah suhu yang tetap itu (suhu akhir)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Pertanyaan<span> </span>:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span><span>1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Hitunglah energy yang harus pindah kelingkungan agar semua larutan hasil reaksi turun menjadi <span> </span><span> </span>sama dengan suhu pereaksi ( suhu awal )</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span><span>2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Hitunglah jumlah mol NaOH dalam 50cm<sup>3</sup> larutan NaOH 1M dan jumlah mol Ha dalam 50cm<sup>3</sup> <span> </span>larutan Ha 1M</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span><span>3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="height: 16px; left: 0px; margin-left: 227px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; width: 13px; z-index: 251643904;"><img height="16" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-53/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" width="13" /></span>Hitunglah perubahan Entalpi (<span> </span>H ) H<sub>2</sub>O yg terbentuk dalam reaksi</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><span><span>4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tuliskan persamaan termokimia untuk rekasi ini</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Hasil Pengamatan<span> </span>:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;">Suhu awal NaOH<span> </span>= 28<sup>o</sup>C</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;">Suhu awal NaCl<span> </span>= 28<sup>o</sup>C</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;">Suhu rata – rata<span> </span>= 28<sup>o</sup>C</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;">Suhu campuran<span> </span>= 35<sup>o</sup>C</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Dengan Catatan<span> </span>:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;"><span> </span>Pada perhitungan perubahan entalpi pada reaksi ini dianggap bahwa :</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span><span>a)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Massa larutan sama dengan air ( 2 x 50 cm<sup>3</sup> larutan dianggap 100cm<sup>3</sup> air )</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span><span>b)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Lama reaksi berlangsung energy yg berpindah dari system ke lingkungan dapat diabaikan</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span><span>c)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kalor jenis air 4.2 JK<sup>-1</sup>g<sup>1</sup>, massa jenis air = 19cm<sup>-3</sup></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Jawaban<span> </span>:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="height: 16px; margin-left: 86px; margin-top: 5px; position: absolute; width: 13px; z-index: 251644928;"><img height="16" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-53/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" width="13" /></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Q<sub>larutan <span> </span></sub>= m.c.<span> </span>T</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>= 100.4,2.7</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>=2940 J</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Q<sub>reaksi</sub> <span> </span>= -Q<sub>larutan </sub></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>= -2940 J</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Jumlah mol HCl, n = V.m = 0.05 x 1 = 0.05 mol<span> </span> Jumlah mol NaOH, n = V.m = 0.05 x 1 = 0.05 mol</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="height: 15px; margin-left: 116px; margin-top: 23px; position: absolute; width: 13px; z-index: 251645952;"><img height="15" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-53/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" width="13" /></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>Karena, jumlah mol pereaksi sesuai dengan perbandingan koefisien, maka campurannya adalah equivalen.<span> </span>H reaksi harus disesuaikan dengan stiqiometri reaksi. Jadi, kita harus menghitung jumlah kalor yg harus dilepaskan jika jumlah HCl dan NaOH yg bereaksi masing – masing 1 mol, sesuai dengan koefisien reaksinya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Q<sub>( 1mol HCl + 1mol NaOH ) <span> </span></sub>= 1/0.05 x -2940</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><sub><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span></span></sub><span style="font-size: 12pt;">= -58.800 J</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>= -58,8 KJ</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Persamaan termokimia nya adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="height: 16px; margin-left: 440px; margin-top: 2px; position: absolute; width: 13px; z-index: 251648000;"><img height="16" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-53/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" width="13" /></span><span style="height: 12px; margin-left: 131px; margin-top: 11px; position: absolute; width: 56px; z-index: 251646976;"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">HCl<sub>( aq )</sub> + NaOH <sub>( aq )<span> </span></sub>NaCl<sub>( aq ) </sub>+ H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>( c )</sub><span> </span><span> </span>H = -58.8 KJ</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Kesimpulan<span> </span>:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kita dapat menentukan perubahan reaksi dengan menggunaka calorimeter<span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kalor dapat dipengaruhi oleh massa, kalor jenis, dan suhu<span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Suhu tiap larutan ada yg sama dan ada pula yg berbeda<span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><span>·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Jika larutan dicampur maka suhu akan berubah atau suhu akan naik</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">D Dibuat Oleh</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">DiDIMAS NUGROHO PRATOMO</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div>Selamat datang di Blog saya, Semoga Anda menyukainyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07274559861598668274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-352456851249978855.post-60729490923762887122010-11-23T00:54:00.000-08:002010-11-23T00:54:48.665-08:00Soal Kimia Tingkat Kabupaten 2008<!--[if !mso]> <style>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20pt;">OLIMPIADE KIMIA INDONESIA</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.godunov.com/Bucky/buckyball-3.gif"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="33" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-P5KP%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" width="35" /></span></a></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20pt;"></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16pt;">OLIMPIADE SAINS NASIONAL</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SELEKSI KABUPATEN / KOTA</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><img border="0" height="112" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-P5KP%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" width="90" /></span></b><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20pt;"></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18pt;">UjianTeori</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Waktu 2 Jam</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Departemen Pendidikan Nasional</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Direktorat Jenderal </span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Managemen Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Direktorat Pendidikan Menengah </span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">2007</span></b></div><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.godunov.com/Bucky/buckyball-1.gif"><span><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="48" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-P5KP%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.jpg" width="49" /></span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Olimpiade Kimia Indonesia</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Petunjuk :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><br />
</div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Isilah Biodata anda dengan lengkap (di lembar Jawaban) </span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tulis dengan huruf cetak dan jangan disingkat !</span></div><ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Soal Teori ini terdiri dari dua bagian:</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span>A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">15 soal pilihan Ganda. </span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Total = 30 poin </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span>B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span>7 Nomor soal essay. </span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Total = 73 poin</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div><ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Waktu yang disediakan: 2 jam.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Semua jawaban harus ditulis di lembar jawaban yang tersedia</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Diperkenankan menggunakan kalkulator</span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Diberikan Tabel periodik Unsur. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Anda dapat mulai bekerja bila sudah ada tanda mulai dari pengawas.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Anda harus segera berhenti bekerja bila ada tanda berhenti dari Pengawas.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Letakkan jawaban anda di meja sebelah kanan dan segera meninggalkan ruangan.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span></span></b><b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Anda dapat membawa pulang soal ujian. </span></b></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h1><span lang="PT-BR"> </span></h1><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">A. Soal Pilihan Ganda (Total 30 poin )</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><span> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Reaksi: <span style="color: #000033;">Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub> + 2PF<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> <img border="0" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-P5KP%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" width="30" />Fe(CO)<sub>2</sub>(PF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(H)<sub>2</sub> + 3CO </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 9pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Berapa mol CO yang dapat dihasilkan dari campuran pereaksi<span> </span>5,0 mol Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub>, 8,0 mol PF<sub>3</sub>, dan 6,0 mol H<sub>2</sub>?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span>A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">24 mol<span> </span><span> </span>D. 15 mol</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span>B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">5,0 mol<span> </span>E.<span> </span>6,0 mol</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span>C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">12 mol</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.35pt; text-indent: -9.35pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">2. Berdasarkan informasi berikut ini, hitunglah masssa atom rata-rata berat dari unsur X:</span></div><div align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><u><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Isotop</span></u><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><u><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">% kelimpahan Relatif<span> </span></span></u><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal"><u><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Massa</span></u><u><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"> eksak (amu)</span></u><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">221</span></sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">X</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">74,22</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">220,9</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">220</span></sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">X</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">12,78</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">220,0</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">218</span></sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">X</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">13,00</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">218,1</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">A. 220,4 amu<span> </span><span> </span>D. 218,5 amu</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">B. 219,7 amu<span> </span><span> </span>E. 220,9</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C. 204,2 amu</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Pasangan berikut ini manakah yang merupakan isotop unsur:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A. <sup><span style="color: #000033;">22</span></sup><sub><span style="color: #000033;">11</span></sub><span style="color: #000033;">X, <sup>79</sup><sub>38</sub>X<sup>2+</sup><sub><span> </span></sub><span> </span>D.<sup> 116</sup><sub>92</sub>X<sup>2+</sup>, <sup>119</sup><sub>92</sub>X</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B.<sup> 96</sup><sub>45</sub>X, <sup>116</sup><sub>92</sub>X<span> </span><span> </span>E. </span><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">233</span></sup><sub><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">99</span></sub><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">X<sup>2+</sup>, <sup>116</sup><sub>92</sub>X<sup>4+</sup></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #000033; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C.<sup> 116</sup><sub>92</sub>X<sup>2+</sup>, <sup>122</sup><sub>89</sub>X<sup>2+<span> </span></sup></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.25pt; text-indent: -20.15pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt;">4.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"> . Reaksi dibawah ini yang entalpi reaksinya (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;"><span>D</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">H<sub>r</sub>) merupakan entalpi pembentukan senyawa (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;"><span>D</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">H<sub>f</sub>) adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A.<span> </span>2Al <sub>(s)</sub> + 3Cl<sub>2 (g)</sub> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>®</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2AlCl<sub>3</sub> <sub>(g)</sub> <span> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D.<span> </span>2 C <sub>(s)</sub><span> </span>+ O<sub>2</sub> <sub>(g)</sub> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>®</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2CO <sub>(g)</sub></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B.<span> </span>C <sub>(s)</sub><span> </span>+ O<sub>2</sub> <sub>(g)</sub> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>®</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>CO<sub>2</sub> <sub>(g)<span> </span><span> </span><span> </span></sub></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="EN-GB">E.<span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">2S <sub>(s)</sub> + 3O<sub>2</sub> <sub>(g)</sub> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>®</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"> 2SO<sub>3</sub> <sub>(g)</sub> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C.<span> </span>N<sub>2</sub> <sub>(g)</sub> + 3H<sub>2</sub> <sub>(g)</sub> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>®</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2NH<sub>3</sub> <sub>(g)</sub> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 3pt 0in 3pt 0.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span>5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Dari reaksi kesetimbangan dibawah ini, manakah yang kesetimbangannya tidak dipengaruhi oleh perubahan tekanan</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 3pt 0in 3pt 63pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -27pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span>A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Fe<sub>3</sub>O4<sub>(s)</sub> + H<sub>2(g)</sub> </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 3";"><span>D</span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> 3 FeO<sub>(s)</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(g)</sub><span> </span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 3pt 0in 3pt 63pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span>B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">CH<sub>3</sub>OH<sub>(l)</sub> </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 3";"><span>D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> CO<sub>(g)</sub> + 2 H<sub>2(g)</sub><span> </span></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 3pt 0in 3pt 63pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -27pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span>C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2(s)</sub> </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 3";"><span>D</span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> N<sub>2(g)</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(g)</sub></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 3pt 0in 3pt 63pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -27pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span>D.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">4 HCl<sub>(g)</sub> + O<sub>2(g)</sub> </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 3";"><span>D</span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(l)</sub> + 2 Cl<sub>2(g)</sub></span></div><div align="left" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 3pt 0in 3pt 63pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -27pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span>E.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">4 NH<sub>3(g)</sub> + O<sub>2(g)</sub> </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 3";"><span>D</span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> 2 N<sub>2(g)</sub> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(g)</sub><br />
<br />
</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 3pt 0in 3pt 0.75in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.75in;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">6. Pada suhu 700 K terjadi reaksi kesetimbangan:</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 3pt 0in 3pt 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">CO<sub>2(g)</sub> +<span> </span>H<sub>2(g)</sub> </span><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 3";"><span>D</span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> 2 CO<sub>(g)</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(l)</sub> dengan nilai K<sub>c</sub> = 0,11. </span></div><div align="left" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 36.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -27.35pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Nilai K<sub>p</sub> untuk reaksi tersebut adalah:</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 36.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.7pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">A. 0,99<span> </span><span> </span>D. 11,0<br />
B. 9,99<span> </span><span> </span>E. 110<br />
C. 0,11</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">7. Berikut ini, manakah<span> </span>yang tidak dapat bertindak sebagai basa Lewis?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">A.<span> </span> Cl<sup>–<span> </span></sup>D.<span> </span> CN<sup>–</sup></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">B.<span> </span>NH<sub>3<span> </span><span> </span></sub>E.<span> </span> H<sub>2</sub>O</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">C.<span> </span> BF<sub>3</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">8.<span> </span>Sebanyak<span> </span>50,00 mL larutan<span> </span>0,116 M HF dititrasi dengan larutan<span> </span>0,120 M NaOH. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Berapa<span> </span>pH pada titik ekivalen? (Ka HF = 6.8×10<sup>–4</sup>.)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">A.<span> </span>13,06<span> </span>D.<span> </span>12,77</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">B.<span> </span>7,00<span> </span>E.<span> </span> 7,97</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">C.<span> </span>5,53</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 9.35pt; text-indent: -9.35pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">9. Apa pengaruhnya terhadap pH larutan bila kedalam 200 mL larutan<span> </span>0,20 M asam asetat (HC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) ditambahkan 1,0 mL larutan aqueous 0,010 M KCl? (anggap volume tetap)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">A. <span> </span>pH tidak berubah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">B.<span> </span>pH akan naik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">C.<span> </span>pH akan turun.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">D. <span> </span>pH = 7</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">E. <span> </span>Tidak cukup informasi untuk meramalkan pengaruhnya terhadap pH </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">10. Senyawa yang bukan merupakan isomer dari </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">siklopentana adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">A. Pentena-2<span> </span>D. 2-metil butana</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">B. 2-metil butena-2<span> </span>E. 1-etil siklopropana<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">C. 4-metil butena-2<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">11. Tentukan senyawa yang bukan merupakan derivat asam karboksilat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">A. Asam butanoat<span> </span>D. Asetat anhidrid</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">B. Asetamida<span> </span>E. Ester.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">C. Asetil klorida<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">12. Tentukan senyawa yang merupakan isomer dari aseton.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">A. Propil alkohol<span> </span><span> </span>D. Propion aldehid<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">B. Asetaldehid<span> </span><span> </span>E. Metil etil eter.<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">C. Propanon<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">13. Identifikasi alkena sering dilakukan dengan pereaksi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">A. Br<sub>2</sub>/CCl<sub>4</sub><span> </span><span> </span>D. HCl</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">B. HBr<span> </span><span> </span>E. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">C. Cl<sub>2</sub>/CCl<sub>4</sub><span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">14. Senyawa yang termasuk hidrokarbon tak jenuh adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">A. Butana<span> </span><span> </span>D. Siklobutana</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">B. Butena<span> </span><span> </span>E. Butanal</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">C. Benzena<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">15. Senyawa dengan rumus molekul C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O mempunyai pasangan isomer .</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">A. Asetaldehid dan aseton<span> </span><span> </span>D. Propanal dan propanol</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">B. Aseton dan propanon<span> </span>E. Propanol dan metoksi etana</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">C. Propanon dan propanal</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><br />
</div><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">B. Essay </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Soal 1<span> </span>(5 poin)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu contoh fosfor putih (P<sub>4</sub>)<span> </span>dibakar di udara dan membentuk senyawa dengan formula P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>. Bila <span> </span>bila diasumsikan bahwa 0,744 gram fosfor membentuk 1,704 gram P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>, maka berdasarkan informasi tersebut tentukan rasio massa atom fosfor terhadap oksigen. Bila massa atom oksigen adalah 16,00 amu maka: </span></div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Tuliskan persamaan reaksinya<span> </span><b>(1 poin)</b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Hitunglah massa atom fosfor <span> </span>(<b>4 poin</b>)</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Soal 2.<span> </span> <span> </span>(12 poin)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Bila kristal padat ammonium bichromat, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, dipanaskan maka akan terjadi reaksi penguraian dan menghasilkan chromium (III) oksida yang berwarna hijau, uap air dan gas N<sub>2</sub> sesuai reaksi berikut ini:</span></div><div style="text-indent: 27pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span> </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7 (s)</sub> → Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 (s)</sub> + 4 H<sub>2</sub>O <sub>(g)</sub> + N<sub>2 (g)</sub> <span> </span>∆H<sub>r</sub>= -315 kJ/mol</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Reaksi penguraian tersebut<span> </span>dikenal sebagai reaksi letusan volkano, karena reaksi penguraiannya berpijar memancarkan bunga api. Proses penguraian NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7 </sub>(252 g/mol) <sub><span> </span></sub>mulai terjadi pada temperatur 180 <sup>o</sup>C dan berlangsung terus dengan sendirinya pada temperatur ~225°C. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in;"><br />
</div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Tentukan bilangan oksidasi Cr, H dan N dalam pereaksi (reaktan) dan hasil reaksi (produk). <span> </span><span> </span><b>(2 poin)</b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Apakah reaksi tersebut eksoterm atau endoterm ? <span> </span><b>(1 poin)</b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Apa jenis proses reaksi penguraian tersebut? <span> </span><b>(2 poin)</b></span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Bila anda memanaskan (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7 </sub><span> </span>sebanyak 15 gram maka:</span></div><ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Berapa banyak (kJ) panas yang dibebaskan dari penguraian 15 g (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7 </sub><span> </span>tersebut. <span> </span><span> </span><b>(3 poin)</b></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Berapa volume gas yang dibebaskan dari penguraian 15 g (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7 </sub><span> </span>pada temperatur 180 <sup>o</sup>C dan tekanan 1 atmosfir? (tetapan gas universal, R = 0,082 liter.atm/ K.mol; 0 <sup>o</sup>C = 273 K). <span> </span><span> </span><b>(4 poin)</b></span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Soal 3. <span> </span>(10 poin)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Garam rangkap adalah </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">garam yang dalam kisi kristalnya mengandung dua kation yang berbeda dengan proporsi tertentu. Garam rangkap biasanya lebih mudah membentuk kristal besar dibandingkan dengan garam garam<span> </span>tunggal penyusunnya. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh kristal garam rangkap adalah garam Mohr, ammonum besi(II) sulfat, </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(Fe)(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O, Ammonium cobalt(II) sulfat, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Co(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.6H<sub>2</sub>O, dan ammonium nickel sulfat, <span style="color: black;">(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Ni<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></span>.6H<sub>2</sub>O<span style="color: black;">.</span> </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketiga garam rangkap tersebut dilarutkan dalam air dan dibuat larutan yang konsentrasinya masing masing 0,1M,<span> </span>maka:</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span> </span>Tuliskanlah reaksi ionisasinya dalam air <span> </span><b>(3 poin)</b></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 35.7pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Manakah larutan yang daya hantar listriknya paling besar? Jelaskan mengapa.<span> </span>(anggaplah tidak terjadi hidrolisis)<span> </span><b>(2 poin).</b></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut anda, bagaimana pH larutan<b> </b>(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(Fe)(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>? Asam atau Basa? Jelaskan pendapat anda.<span> </span><span> </span><b>(2 poin).</b></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Bila sebanyak<span> </span>1 mL larutan garam<span> </span><span style="color: black;">(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Ni<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></span> yang konsentrasinya 0,1 M tersebut ditambahkan kedalam<span> </span>1 liter larutan BaCl<sub>2</sub> 0,1 M maka: </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Apakah terjadi pembentukan endapan<span> </span>BaSO<sub>4</sub><span> </span>(anggap volume larutan tidak berubah).<span> </span>Diketahui K<sub>sp</sub> BaSO<sub>4</sub>= 1,1 x 10<sup>-10</sup>.<span> </span><span> </span><b>(3 poin).</b></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Soal 4</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span> </span><b>(14 poin)</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Gambarkan struktur dot </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span> </span>Lewis untuk molekul berikut ini. Tunjukkan<span> </span>muatan formalnya (bila ada), pada atom yang sesuai</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">a.<span> </span>[HCO<sub>3</sub>]<sup>-</sup> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">b.<span> </span> SO<sub>2</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">c.<span> </span> N<sub>2</sub>O </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">d.<span> </span> [PO<sub>4</sub> ]<sup>3-</sup></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Soal 5. <span> </span>(7 Poin)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Asam asetat adalah asam lemah<span> </span>Bronsted.<span> </span>Berikut ini adalah seder</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">etan turunan asam asetat dimana atom H pada gugus metal<span> </span>digantikan oleh Cl. Dari TAbel berikut dapat dilihat bahwa kekuatan sederetan asam tersebut berbeda, tergantung banyaknya Cl didalam molekul.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Tabel</span></b></div><div align="center"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; width: 50%;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0.75pt; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Asam</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0.75pt; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">K<sub>a</sub></span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0.75pt; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">CH<sub>3</sub>COOH</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0.75pt; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">1,8 x 10<sup>-5</sup></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0.75pt; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">ClCH<sub>2</sub>COOH</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0.75pt; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">1.4 x 10<sup>-3</sup></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0.75pt; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Cl<sub>2</sub>CHCOOH</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0.75pt; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">3,3 x 10<sup>-2</sup></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0.75pt; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Cl<sub>3</sub>CCOOH</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0.75pt; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">2,0 x 10<sup>-1</sup></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><ol start="1" type="a"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Dari Tabel tersebut, bagaimana sifat asam asam tersebut dengan bertambahnya Cl dalam molekul? Jelaskan dan beri alasan mengapa demikian </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Bila anda mempunyai ke empat larutan asam asam tersebut dengan molaritas yang sama, manakah yang pH nya paling tinggi?</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Soal 6. <span> </span>(7 Poin)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu senyawa organik yang mengandung 40% karbon , 6,67% hidrogen dan sisanya oksigen ( Ar C= 12; H=1 ; O= 16).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 9pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">a. Tentukan rumus empiris senyawa C<sub>x</sub> H<sub>Y </sub>O<sub>z</sub>. <span> </span><span> </span><b>(5 poin)</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">b. Jika Mr C<sub>x</sub> H<sub>Y </sub>O<sub>z</sub>. </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">= 150, tuliskan rumus molekulnya. <span> </span><b>(2 poin)</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;"><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Soal 7. ( 18 Poin)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Senyawa dengan rumus molekul C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub> dan<span> </span>C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N dapat dijenuhkan dengan reaksi hidrogenasi </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">a. Tentukan berapa jumlah ikatan rangkap dan cincin dari kedua senyawa tersebut. <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span></span><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">(4poin)</span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">b. Gambarkan empat struktur yang mungkin dari C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6 </sub><span> </span><span> </span><b>(8 poin)</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">c. Gambarkan tiga struktur yang mungkin dari C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N<span> </span><b>(6 poin)</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Semoga Berhasil</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><img border="0" height="82" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-P5KP%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" width="144" /></span></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.75in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.5in;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span>A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Lembar Jawaban Pilihan Ganda</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">( 1 poin untuk setiap Nomor, Total 15 poin)</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">No</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">No</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.55pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">No</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.7pt;" valign="top" width="32"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">6</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.55pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.7pt;" valign="top" width="32"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">11</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">7</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.55pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.7pt;" valign="top" width="32"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">12</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">3</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">8</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.55pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.7pt;" valign="top" width="32"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">13</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">4</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">9</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.55pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.7pt;" valign="top" width="32"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">14</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">5</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.5pt;" valign="top" width="34"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">10</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.55pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.5pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.7pt;" valign="top" width="32"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">15</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">C</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">D</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.3pt;" valign="top" width="31"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">E</span></b></div></td> </tr>
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.godunov.com/Bucky/buckyball-3.gif"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="33" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-P5KP%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.jpg" width="35" /></span></a></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> <span> </span></span></b><b><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;"><a href="http://education.jlab.org/beamsactivity/6thgrade/tableofelements/index.html"><span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Periodic Table of Elements - Lab Page - Table of Elements" border="0" height="756" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/T-P5KP%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.jpg" width="562" /></span></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>Selamat datang di Blog saya, Semoga Anda menyukainyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07274559861598668274noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-352456851249978855.post-28137155108452931742010-11-23T00:51:00.000-08:002010-11-23T00:51:07.572-08:00Teori Asam - Basa<h3 class="post-title entry-title"> Cakaran Olimpiade Kimia : TEORI ASAM-BASA </h3><div class="post-header"> </div><div style="background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #274e13;"> <style>
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</style> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b>Pembahasan kali ini mengenai tiga teori asam-basa. Ketiga teori sangat penting dipahami karena akan sangat membantu kalian untuk lebih memahami reaksi-reaksi yang terjadi dalam larutan asam-basa. Untuk menguji pemahaman anda, diakhir pembahasan disediakan latihan soal, silahkan dicakar-cakar. Ok, kita mulai...</b> <b> </b> <b> 1. Teori Arrhenius<br />
</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b>ASAM adalah zat yang bila dilarutkan dalam air akan mengalami ionisasi membentuk ion H<sup>+</sup></b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b><u>Contoh :</u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">¢<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Asam monoprotik </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b> HCl (aq) <span style="font-family: Symbol;"><===></span> H<sup>+</sup> (aq) + Cl<sup>-</sup> (aq)</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">¢<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Asam poliprotik </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b> H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (aq) <span style="font-family: Symbol;"><===></span> H<sup>+</sup> (aq) + HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> (aq)</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b> HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> (aq) <span style="font-family: Symbol;"><===></span> H<sup>+</sup> (aq) + SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> (aq) </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b>BASA adalah zat yang bila dilarutkan dalam air akan mengalami ionisasi membentuk ion OH<sup>-</sup></b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b><u>Contoh :</u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">¢<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Basa monoprotik </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b> NaOH (aq) <span style="font-family: Symbol;"><===></span> Na<sup>+</sup> (aq) + OH<sup>-</sup> (aq)</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">¢<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Basa poliprotik </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b> Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> (aq) <span style="font-family: Symbol;"><===></span> Ca<sup>2+</sup> (aq) + 2OH<sup>-</sup> (aq)</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b><br />
</b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b>2. Teori Bronsted-Lowry</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b>Asam : zat yang dapat memberikan proton (H<sup>+</sup>) <span style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span> donor proton</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b>Basa : zat yang dapt menerima proton (H<sup>+</sup>) <span style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span> akseptor proton</b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; text-align: center;"><b>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O <span style="font-family: Symbol;"><===></span> NH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; text-align: center;"><b>asam 1 basa 2 basa 1 asam 2</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b>Pada reaksi ke kanan :</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b>Senyawa NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>memberikan H<sup>+</sup> pada H<sub>2</sub>O, berarti NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> bersifat asam </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b>Senyawa H<sub>2</sub>O menerima H<sup>+</sup> dari NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, berarti H<sub>2</sub>O bersifat basa </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b>Pada reaksi ke kiri :</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b>Senyawa NH<sub>3</sub> menerima H<sup>+</sup> dari H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, berarti NH<sub>3</sub> bersifat basa </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt;"><b>Senyawa H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> memberikan H<sup>+</sup> pada NH<sub>3</sub>, berarti H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> bersifat asam </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; text-indent: 18pt;"><b>Dalam teori asam-basa Bronsted Lowry :</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">¢<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> asam konjugasi dari NH<sub>3 </sub>dan NH<sub>3</sub> basa konjugasi dari NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">¢<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> asam konjugasi dari H<sub>2</sub>O dan H<sub>2</sub>O basa konjugasi dari H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b><br />
</b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b>3. Teori Lewis</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">¢<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Asam adalah zat atau senyawa yang menerima pasangan elektron </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">¢<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Basa asalah zat atau senyawa yang memberi pasangan elektron </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b> NH<sub>3 </sub> + H<sup>+ </sup> <span style="font-family: Symbol;">-------></span> NH<sub>3</sub>:H<sup>+ </sup></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b> Basa asam</b></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b>SOAL-SOAL LATIHAN</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b>1. Tentukan pasangan asam basa konjugasi pada reaksi berikut :</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b> a. H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + CN<sup>-</sup> <span style="font-family: Symbol;"><===></span> HCN + HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b> b. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O <span style="font-family: Symbol;"><===></span> HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> + H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b> c. HCl + H<sub>2</sub>O <span style="font-family: Symbol;"><===></span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"></span> H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> + Cl<sup>-</sup></b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b>2. Tentukan zat mana yang bertindak sebagai asam atau basa pada reaksi berikut :</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b> a. NH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O <span style="font-family: Symbol;"><===></span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"></span> NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> + OH<sup>-</sup></b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b> b. HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>- </sup> + HF <span style="font-family: Symbol;"><===></span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"></span> H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + F<sup>-</sup></b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b> c. CH<sub>3</sub>COOH + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> <span style="font-family: Symbol;"><===></span> CH<sub>3</sub>COOH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> + HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup></b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13;"><b>3. Gunakan teori Lewis untuk menunjukkan bahwa reaksi berikut merupakan reaksi asam basa.</b></div><ol start="1" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-top: 0cm;" type="a"><li class="MsoNormal"><b>BF<sub>3</sub> + F<sup>-</sup> ------> BF<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup></b> </li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b>NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> + H<sup>+</sup> <span style="font-family: "Wingdings 3";">--------></span> NH<sub>3</sub></b> </li>
</ol>Selamat datang di Blog saya, Semoga Anda menyukainyahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07274559861598668274noreply@blogger.com0